Case Reports
Vol. 17 (2022)

ANTI-MOG ASSOCIATED ENCEPHALITIS: WHEN STEROID THERAPY IS NOT ENOUGH

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Published: September 17 2025
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Marta Arrabito
Unit of Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania; Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
Andrea D. Praticò
Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy.
Pierluigi Smilari
Unit of Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy.
Filippo Greco
Unit of Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy.
Claudia Francesca Oliva
Unit of Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Catania; Postgraduate Training Program in Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Italy.
Martino Ruggieri
Unit of Rare Diseases of the Nervous System in Childhood, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy.
Piero Pavone
ppavone@unict.it
Unit of Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy.
Agata Fiumara
Unit of Pediatric Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Catania, Italy.

MOG-antibodies are consistently identified in a variety of acquired demyelinating syndromes. In children, the most common presenting phenotype is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, an immune-mediated disease characterized by demyelination and multifocal neurologic symptoms which typically occur after a preceding viral infection or recent immunization. Herein, we report the case of a 7-year-old boy who developed the first episode of MOG associated encephalitis, which was treated with steroid therapy, and after 6 months, presented a relapse of ADEM in which steroid treatment was not decisive, as he presented new symptoms with unchanged MRI lesions. For this reason, we decided to submit the boy to immunoglobulin intravenous therapy each month. The child has been followed up for 1 year and no new episodes have been reported.

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ANTI-MOG ASSOCIATED ENCEPHALITIS: WHEN STEROID THERAPY IS NOT ENOUGH. (2025). EuroMediterranean Biomedical Journal, 17, 21-23. https://doi.org/10.3269/ebmj.2022.65
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